{"error":"Too few arguments to function pageRender(), 3 passed in \/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php on line 513 and exactly 4 expected","line":329,"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/general\/pageRender.php","code":0,"trace":[{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":513,"function":"pageRender","args":[{},"article\/articleFinishBuying.html",{"userInfo":{"firstNames":"","lastNames":"","email":"","phone":"","points":0,"newsletter":1},"articleInfo":{"article_ID":279,"views":49973,"title":"Los Nutrientes y la Calidad de las Semillas","fb_title":"","link":"los-nutrientes-y-la-calidad-de-las-semillas","desc":"Las reservas de nutrientes de la semilla representan un factor clave que afecta en gran medida la germinación, emergencia y uniformidad de plántulas en el campo, y finalmente en el rendimiento. Los efectos positivos de una mayor cantidad de nutrientes de reserva en la semilla se ven reflejados en el vigor de los cultivos en el campo.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/Nutrientes-Calidad-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":"","keywords":"Semilla,Calidad,Zinc,Boro,Vigor,Germinacion,Viabilidad,Nutricion,Rendimiento,Crecimiento,Nutriente,Fertilizacion,Micronutrientes,Vitalidad,Concentracion","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/68. Nutrientes y Calidad de las Semillas.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Existe una relaci&oacute;n estrecha entre la calidad de la semilla y el contenido de nutrientes en la misma, y tiene un efecto sobre el rendimiento del cultivo, pero, &iquest;a qu&eacute; se atribuye?. Esto se debe a que las reservas de nutrientes de la semilla representan un factor clave que afecta en gran medida la germinaci&oacute;n, emergencia y uniformidad de pl&aacute;ntulas en el campo, y finalmente en el rendimiento. Los efectos positivos de una mayor cantidad de nutrientes de reserva en la semilla se ven reflejados en el vigor de los cultivos en el campo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Los macronutrientes y la calidad de las semillas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">A manera de ejemplificar este tema, trataremos el caso especial del f&oacute;sforo (P) en las etapas tempranas del desarrollo de los cultivos y del nitr&oacute;geno (N) en las leguminosas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">El suministro de P en etapas muy tempranas del ciclo agr&iacute;cola es m&aacute;s importante en el logro de mejores rendimientos que el suministro de P en etapas posteriores, ya que es un nutriente esencial para el desarrollo de nuevas c&eacute;lulas y juega un papel vital en todos los procesos de la planta que requieren transferencia de energ&iacute;a. Diversos estudios indican que semillas con contenido alto de P o tratadas mediante recubrimiento con este nutriente, tienen mejor crecimiento y mayor rendimiento, incluso cuando el nivel aplicado de f&oacute;sforo en el suelo es el &oacute;ptimo (Figura 2). Lo anterior se explica debido a que la planta tarda en desarrollar todo su sistema radical; principal medio donde son absorbidos los nutrientes y el agua.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\" Semillas \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/germina.jpg \" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:#585858; text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 1. El rendimiento empieza desde la semilla.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Foto: Cakmak, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\" Suministro \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/suelo.jpg \" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:#585858; text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 2. Efecto de las reservas de P de la semilla y la aplicaci&oacute;n de P al suelo sobre el crecimiento de plantas de trigo cultivadas en una mezcla de suelo\/arena.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Foto: Zhu y Smith, 2015; citado por Cakmak, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\">\r\n<div class=\" embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n\r\n<iframe class=\"embed-responsive-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZCjAnyQLY-E\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Otro ejemplo t&iacute;pico son las leguminosas, cuya fuente principal de Nitr&oacute;geno (N) la obtienen a trav&eacute;s de la fijaci&oacute;n biol&oacute;gica de est&eacute; nutriente. Estas plantas requieren m&aacute;s P y Mo (Molibdeno) en comparaci&oacute;n a plantas en las que su fuente principal de N son los fertilizantes, debido a que en el proceso biol&oacute;gico de fijaci&oacute;n&nbsp; la enzima nitrogenasa consume energ&iacute;a para la reducci&oacute;n del N<sub>2<\/sub> atmosf&eacute;rico. Para las leguminosas el enriquecimiento de las semillas con P y Mo es sumamente importante para su desarrollo &oacute;ptimo en etapas tempranas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Por otro lado, a pesar de que las leguminosas son cultivos que com&uacute;nmente no son fertilizados o en su defecto muy poco, no es sino hasta la cuarta o quinta semana despu&eacute;s de la germinaci&oacute;n que se establece plenamente el sistema de fijaci&oacute;n, por lo que las reservas de N en las semillas son de gran importancia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Los micronutrientes y la calidad de la semilla<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Los micronutrientes son de particular importancia para la vitalidad y germinaci&oacute;n de las semillas, adem&aacute;s de un mejor vigor de las pl&aacute;ntulas.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\"><img alt=\"Impacto\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/impacto.jpg\" style=\"float:right; height:223px; margin-left:5px; margin-right:5px; width:450px\" \/><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">En un estudio de campo realizado en el cultivo de arroz por Duxbury (2002) en Bangladesh, observ&oacute; que el enriquecimiento de las semillas tiene un impacto positivo sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de este cereal (Cuadro 1).<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">En el caso particular del Zn su funci&oacute;n principal es la producci&oacute;n de importantes reguladores de crecimiento y el desarrollo de tejido nuevo. Para demostrar lo anterior se realiz&oacute; un estudio en campo donde la variable que se eval&uacute;o fue el efecto de las concentraciones de Zn en la semilla, en el que concluyeron que mientras m&aacute;s elevado sea la concentraci&oacute;n de este nutriente en la semilla, la germinaci&oacute;n y el crecimiento del cultivo son mejores. Otros reportes con resultados similares consideran que el alto contenido de Zn en las semillas act&uacute;a como un &ldquo;Fertilizante arrancador&rdquo;.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Cuando se usan semillas con bajos contenidos de micronutrientes, los efectos adversos sobre la germinaci&oacute;n y el establecimiento en campo no siempre pueden ser revertidos con la fertilizaci&oacute;n de micronutrientes v&iacute;a suelo, lo que sugiere un da&ntilde;o potencial a nivel celular causado por la baja concentraci&oacute;n de micronutrientes durante el desarrollo de la semilla desde la planta madre.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Tambi&eacute;n, cuando se siembran semillas con bajo contenido de nutrientes, la capacidad de las semillas nuevas cosechadas para soportar los factores de estr&eacute;s ambientales en las primeras etapas de crecimiento es a menudo afectada. En este sentido, el proceso de germinaci&oacute;n es de los m&aacute;s susceptibles a estr&eacute;s por bajas temperaturas del suelo. &nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conclusiones<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\" uso de semillas \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/influencia.jpg \" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:#585858; text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 3. Influencia del contenido de Zn en la semilla sobre el crecimiento del trigo harinero en un suelo deficiente en Zn en Anatolia Central. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Foto: Ekiz et al., 1998; citado por Cakmak, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Evitar las deficiencias de nutrientes en las plantas madres, especialmente durante la temporada de crecimiento final, es importante no solo para un mejor rendimiento, sino tambi&eacute;n para mejorar la viabilidad y el vigor de la semilla; por &nbsp;tanto, mantener concentraciones altas de nutrientes disponibles en suelos y\/o en tejidos vegetales durante etapas de reproducci&oacute;n (por ejemplo, mediante aplicaciones foliares), puede contribuir en gran medida a aumentar las reservas de nutrientes en semillas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Durante el <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/cursos\/diplomados\/nutricion-vegetal\/curso-internacional-de-nutricion-de-cultivos\" target=\"_blank\">Curso Internacional de Nutrici&oacute;n de Cultivos<\/a><\/strong> el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/noticias\/premio-en-ciencias-agricolas-a-ismail-cakmak\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Ismail Cakmak<\/a>, reconocido especialista en nutrici&oacute;n de las plantas, presentar&aacute; varios experimentos de campo e invernaderos publicados en la literatura cient&iacute;fica para demostrar que las pl&aacute;ntulas procedentes de semillas con bajas concentraciones de nutrientes minerales tienen menor vigor, poca capacidad para sobrevivir bajo factores de estr&eacute;s ambientales y efectos perjudiciales sobre el rendimiento. Adem&aacute;s, abundar&aacute; sobre los principios y m&eacute;todos de enriquecimiento de semillas con nutrientes (p.e. P, Mo, Zn, B, Ca, Ni, entre otras).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Fuente<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Cakmak, I. 2015. Nutrici&oacute;n y Nutrientes en la Semillas. Curso Internacional de Nutrici&oacute;n de Cultivos. Intagri.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-08-09 12:44:29","updated":"2022-10-11 20:23:49","published":"2016-08-09 12:44:36","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"availPoints":0,"articleCosts":[],"conversion":[0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375,1,5634,19],"guest":true,"countries":[{"country_ID":1,"name":"Argentina","iso2":"ar","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":2,"name":"Belice","iso2":"bz","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":3,"name":"Bolivia","iso2":"bo","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":4,"name":"Canada","iso2":"ca","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":5,"name":"Chile","iso2":"cl","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":6,"name":"Colombia","iso2":"co","badge":"COP","conversion":0.004400000000000000265065747129256124026142060756683349609375},{"country_ID":7,"name":"Costa Rica","iso2":"cr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":8,"name":"Cuba","iso2":"cu","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":9,"name":"Ecuador","iso2":"ec","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":10,"name":"El Salvador","iso2":"sv","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":11,"name":"Estados Unidos","iso2":"us","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":12,"name":"Guatemala","iso2":"gt","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":13,"name":"Guyana","iso2":"gy","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":14,"name":"Guayana Francesa","iso2":"gf","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":15,"name":"Honduras","iso2":"hn","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":16,"name":"México","iso2":"mx","badge":"MXN","conversion":1},{"country_ID":17,"name":"Nicaragua","iso2":"ni","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":18,"name":"Panamá","iso2":"pa","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":19,"name":"Paraguay","iso2":"py","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":20,"name":"Perú","iso2":"pe","badge":"PEN","conversion":5634},{"country_ID":21,"name":"Puerto Rico","iso2":"pr","badge":"USD","conversion":19},{"country_ID":22,"name":"Rep. 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Ganadero"],"siteKey":"6LcoBxwTAAAAAIHGYfRC7q_PWI1Ixdpc63kgLXLw"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/libs\/articles\/articles.php","line":220,"function":"articleSignup","args":[{"article_ID":279,"views":49973,"title":"Los Nutrientes y la Calidad de las Semillas","fb_title":"","link":"los-nutrientes-y-la-calidad-de-las-semillas","desc":"Las reservas de nutrientes de la semilla representan un factor clave que afecta en gran medida la germinación, emergencia y uniformidad de plántulas en el campo, y finalmente en el rendimiento. Los efectos positivos de una mayor cantidad de nutrientes de reserva en la semilla se ven reflejados en el vigor de los cultivos en el campo.","fb_desc":"","thumb":"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/Nutrientes-Calidad-01.jpg","fb_thumb":"","category":6,"related":"","keywords":"Semilla,Calidad,Zinc,Boro,Vigor,Germinacion,Viabilidad,Nutricion,Rendimiento,Crecimiento,Nutriente,Fertilizacion,Micronutrientes,Vitalidad,Concentracion","pdfLink":"Articulos\/Nutricion Vegetal\/68. Nutrientes y Calidad de las Semillas.pdf","text":"<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Existe una relaci&oacute;n estrecha entre la calidad de la semilla y el contenido de nutrientes en la misma, y tiene un efecto sobre el rendimiento del cultivo, pero, &iquest;a qu&eacute; se atribuye?. Esto se debe a que las reservas de nutrientes de la semilla representan un factor clave que afecta en gran medida la germinaci&oacute;n, emergencia y uniformidad de pl&aacute;ntulas en el campo, y finalmente en el rendimiento. Los efectos positivos de una mayor cantidad de nutrientes de reserva en la semilla se ven reflejados en el vigor de los cultivos en el campo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><strong>Los macronutrientes y la calidad de las semillas<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">A manera de ejemplificar este tema, trataremos el caso especial del f&oacute;sforo (P) en las etapas tempranas del desarrollo de los cultivos y del nitr&oacute;geno (N) en las leguminosas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">El suministro de P en etapas muy tempranas del ciclo agr&iacute;cola es m&aacute;s importante en el logro de mejores rendimientos que el suministro de P en etapas posteriores, ya que es un nutriente esencial para el desarrollo de nuevas c&eacute;lulas y juega un papel vital en todos los procesos de la planta que requieren transferencia de energ&iacute;a. Diversos estudios indican que semillas con contenido alto de P o tratadas mediante recubrimiento con este nutriente, tienen mejor crecimiento y mayor rendimiento, incluso cuando el nivel aplicado de f&oacute;sforo en el suelo es el &oacute;ptimo (Figura 2). Lo anterior se explica debido a que la planta tarda en desarrollar todo su sistema radical; principal medio donde son absorbidos los nutrientes y el agua.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\" Semillas \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/germina.jpg \" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:#585858; text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 1. El rendimiento empieza desde la semilla.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Foto: Cakmak, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-5\"><img alt=\" Suministro \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/suelo.jpg \" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:#585858; text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 2. Efecto de las reservas de P de la semilla y la aplicaci&oacute;n de P al suelo sobre el crecimiento de plantas de trigo cultivadas en una mezcla de suelo\/arena.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Foto: Zhu y Smith, 2015; citado por Cakmak, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-1\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\">\r\n<div class=\" embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\">\r\n\r\n<iframe class=\"embed-responsive-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZCjAnyQLY-E\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Otro ejemplo t&iacute;pico son las leguminosas, cuya fuente principal de Nitr&oacute;geno (N) la obtienen a trav&eacute;s de la fijaci&oacute;n biol&oacute;gica de est&eacute; nutriente. Estas plantas requieren m&aacute;s P y Mo (Molibdeno) en comparaci&oacute;n a plantas en las que su fuente principal de N son los fertilizantes, debido a que en el proceso biol&oacute;gico de fijaci&oacute;n&nbsp; la enzima nitrogenasa consume energ&iacute;a para la reducci&oacute;n del N<sub>2<\/sub> atmosf&eacute;rico. Para las leguminosas el enriquecimiento de las semillas con P y Mo es sumamente importante para su desarrollo &oacute;ptimo en etapas tempranas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Por otro lado, a pesar de que las leguminosas son cultivos que com&uacute;nmente no son fertilizados o en su defecto muy poco, no es sino hasta la cuarta o quinta semana despu&eacute;s de la germinaci&oacute;n que se establece plenamente el sistema de fijaci&oacute;n, por lo que las reservas de N en las semillas son de gran importancia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Los micronutrientes y la calidad de la semilla<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Los micronutrientes son de particular importancia para la vitalidad y germinaci&oacute;n de las semillas, adem&aacute;s de un mejor vigor de las pl&aacute;ntulas.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-6\"><img alt=\"Impacto\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/impacto.jpg\" style=\"float:right; height:223px; margin-left:5px; margin-right:5px; width:450px\" \/><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-3\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">En un estudio de campo realizado en el cultivo de arroz por Duxbury (2002) en Bangladesh, observ&oacute; que el enriquecimiento de las semillas tiene un impacto positivo sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de este cereal (Cuadro 1).<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-8\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">En el caso particular del Zn su funci&oacute;n principal es la producci&oacute;n de importantes reguladores de crecimiento y el desarrollo de tejido nuevo. Para demostrar lo anterior se realiz&oacute; un estudio en campo donde la variable que se eval&uacute;o fue el efecto de las concentraciones de Zn en la semilla, en el que concluyeron que mientras m&aacute;s elevado sea la concentraci&oacute;n de este nutriente en la semilla, la germinaci&oacute;n y el crecimiento del cultivo son mejores. Otros reportes con resultados similares consideran que el alto contenido de Zn en las semillas act&uacute;a como un &ldquo;Fertilizante arrancador&rdquo;.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Cuando se usan semillas con bajos contenidos de micronutrientes, los efectos adversos sobre la germinaci&oacute;n y el establecimiento en campo no siempre pueden ser revertidos con la fertilizaci&oacute;n de micronutrientes v&iacute;a suelo, lo que sugiere un da&ntilde;o potencial a nivel celular causado por la baja concentraci&oacute;n de micronutrientes durante el desarrollo de la semilla desde la planta madre.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Tambi&eacute;n, cuando se siembran semillas con bajo contenido de nutrientes, la capacidad de las semillas nuevas cosechadas para soportar los factores de estr&eacute;s ambientales en las primeras etapas de crecimiento es a menudo afectada. En este sentido, el proceso de germinaci&oacute;n es de los m&aacute;s susceptibles a estr&eacute;s por bajas temperaturas del suelo. &nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conclusiones<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-md-4\"><img alt=\" uso de semillas \" class=\"center-block img-responsive\" src=\"\/assets\/images\/articulos\/categoria1\/2nutricion%20vegetal\/art290-nutrientes-calidad-semilla\/influencia.jpg \" \/>\r\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"table table-responsive\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"background-color:#585858; text-align:left\">\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\"><strong>Figura 3. Influencia del contenido de Zn en la semilla sobre el crecimiento del trigo harinero en un suelo deficiente en Zn en Anatolia Central. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Foto: Ekiz et al., 1998; citado por Cakmak, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\">\r\n<div class=\"col-xs-12\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Evitar las deficiencias de nutrientes en las plantas madres, especialmente durante la temporada de crecimiento final, es importante no solo para un mejor rendimiento, sino tambi&eacute;n para mejorar la viabilidad y el vigor de la semilla; por &nbsp;tanto, mantener concentraciones altas de nutrientes disponibles en suelos y\/o en tejidos vegetales durante etapas de reproducci&oacute;n (por ejemplo, mediante aplicaciones foliares), puede contribuir en gran medida a aumentar las reservas de nutrientes en semillas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Durante el <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/cursos\/diplomados\/nutricion-vegetal\/curso-internacional-de-nutricion-de-cultivos\" target=\"_blank\">Curso Internacional de Nutrici&oacute;n de Cultivos<\/a><\/strong> el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intagri.com\/articulos\/noticias\/premio-en-ciencias-agricolas-a-ismail-cakmak\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Ismail Cakmak<\/a>, reconocido especialista en nutrici&oacute;n de las plantas, presentar&aacute; varios experimentos de campo e invernaderos publicados en la literatura cient&iacute;fica para demostrar que las pl&aacute;ntulas procedentes de semillas con bajas concentraciones de nutrientes minerales tienen menor vigor, poca capacidad para sobrevivir bajo factores de estr&eacute;s ambientales y efectos perjudiciales sobre el rendimiento. Adem&aacute;s, abundar&aacute; sobre los principios y m&eacute;todos de enriquecimiento de semillas con nutrientes (p.e. P, Mo, Zn, B, Ca, Ni, entre otras).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Fuente<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Cakmak, I. 2015. Nutrici&oacute;n y Nutrientes en la Semillas. Curso Internacional de Nutrici&oacute;n de Cultivos. Intagri.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","has_cost":0,"creation":"2016-08-09 12:44:29","updated":"2022-10-11 20:23:49","published":"2016-08-09 12:44:36","cost":0,"badge":"mxn"},"\/articulos\/nutricion-vegetal"]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Handlers\/Strategies\/RequestResponse.php","line":38,"function":"{closure}","args":[{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"los-nutrientes-y-la-calidad-de-las-semillas","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":358,"function":"__invoke","class":"Slim\\Handlers\\Strategies\\RequestResponse","type":"->","args":[{},{},{},{"category":"nutricion-vegetal","article":"los-nutrientes-y-la-calidad-de-las-semillas","section":"comprar"}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/Route.php","line":315,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Routing\/RouteRunner.php","line":68,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\Routing\\Route","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/twig-view\/src\/TwigMiddleware.php","line":115,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\Routing\\RouteRunner","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Views\\TwigMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/RoutingMiddleware.php","line":45,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\RoutingMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/Middleware\/ErrorMiddleware.php","line":76,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":121,"function":"process","class":"Slim\\Middleware\\ErrorMiddleware","type":"->","args":[{},{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php","line":65,"function":"handle","class":"Psr\\Http\\Server\\RequestHandlerInterface@anonymous\u0000\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/MiddlewareDispatcher.php:108$10","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":199,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\MiddlewareDispatcher","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/vendor\/slim\/slim\/Slim\/App.php","line":183,"function":"handle","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[{}]},{"file":"\/home\/intagri\/public_html\/index.php","line":261,"function":"run","class":"Slim\\App","type":"->","args":[]}]}